Volatiles of Japanese honeysuckle flowers as attractants for adult Lepidopteran insects

ABSTRACT

Compositions of cis-jasmone were found to effectively attract adult Lepidoptera. The cis-jasmone may be used alone or in combination with one or more other volatiles of the Japanese honeysuckle flower, particularly linalool and/or phenylacetaldehyde. By attracting the adult Lepidoptera to attracticidal baits and/or field traps, the attractants are useful for the control and monitoring of these agricultural pests.

This application is a division of application No. 08/556,182, filed Nov.9, 1995 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,665,344, the contents of which areincorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to attractants for both male and female adultLepidopteran insects, particularly the cabbage looper, soybean looper,tobacco budworm, tobacco hornworm, and tomato hornworm.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Insects of the order Lepidoptera encompass a large number of pestsresponsible for substantial crop losses, reduced crop quality, and highproduction costs worldwide. Presently, the available monitoring systemsand attracticidal baits for the majority of these pests utilize sexpheromones that are attractive to only one sex, usually thenonproductive male.

Recently, flowers of the Japanese honeysuckle, Lonicera japonica, wererecognized as important ovipositional hosts of two important species ofLepidoptera, the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens, and the cornearworm, Helicovexpa zea (Pair, 1994, Environ. Entomol., 23(4):906-911).The chemistry of various Lonicera species has been partially describedin several previous reports. Wu and Fang (1981, Acta Chemica Sinica,38:573-579) analyzed the essential oil from flowers of L. japonica, andreported that linalool and linalool oxide C were the major identifiedconstituents, and that pinene, 1-hexene, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, α-terpineol,geraniol, benzyl alcohol, β-phenylethanol, carvacol, eugenol, and somesubstituted furans were present in lesser amounts. In studies ofpheromones and volatile honeysuckle attractants for the honeysuckleaphid, Hedin et al. (1991, J. Agric. Food Chem., 39:1304-1306) analyzedhexane-extractable volatiles from leaves and flowers of Loniceraspecies. Methyl esters, two ketones, seven alcohols, and threeterpenoids (Δ-carene, (E)-β-faresene, and (E,E)-farnesol) wereidentified in the plant samples.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

We have discovered that volatiles from the flowers of the Japanesehoneysuckle (Lonicera japonica) are effective attractants for a varietyof agronomically important adult Lepidoptera. Even more surprising, wehave found that cis-jasmone, used alone or in combination with otherJapanese honeysuckle flower volatiles, particularly linalool and/orphenylacetaldehyde, is effective for attracting these insects. Thevolatiles may be optionally used in combination with other agentsincluding one or more of Lepidopteran pheromones, feeding stimulants, orinsect toxicants.

In accordance with this discovery, it is an object of the invention toprovide new compositions for attracting adult Lepidoptera as an aid toinsect control measures.

Another object of the invention is to provide a means for increasing theeffectiveness of insect traps for monitoring or suppressing Lepidopterapopulations.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will become obvious fromthe ensuing description.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

According to this invention, there is provided compositions forattracting adult Lepidoptera, which include cis-jasmone, a volatile ofthe Japanese honeysuckle flower. Although the cis-jasmone may be used asthe sole attractant, in the preferred embodiment insect attraction issubstantially increased when the compound is used in combination withone or more other volatiles of the Japanese honeysuckle flower,particularly linalool and/or phenylacetaldehyde.

The volatile constituents of the Japanese honeysuckle flower weredescribed by Scholtzhauer et al. (Journal Agricultural and FoodChemistry, in press) at three stages of flower development: freshlyopened, flowers opened 12 hours, and flowers opened 24 hours.Twenty-seven compounds were identified among these three stages,although the absolute amounts of many of the constituents and theirrelative concentrations varied considerably between each stage. Thevolatiles, identified included, in no particular order:cis-3-hexen-1-ol, phenylacetaldehyde, linalool oxide (I), linalool oxide(II), methyl benzoate, linalool, methylphenylacetate, a-terpineol,methylsalicylate, β-citronellol, trans-geraniol, 2,4-decadienal, indole,cis-3-hexenyl tiglate, cis-jasmone, β-bourbonene, β-caryophyllene,geranylacetone, germacrene D, germacrene B, α-farnesene, hexenylbenzoate, nerolidol, methyl jasmonate, benzylbenzoate, benzylsalicylate,and methyl palmitate. Between the stages examined, the relativeconcentration of cis-jasmone in the volatile mixture varied from a lowof 1.1% of the volatiles by weight in the 12 hour flowers to a high of3.6% in the fresh flowers, linalool varied from 2.6% of the volatiles inthe 12 hour flowers to 38.8% in the fresh flowers, andphenylacetaldehyde varied from 1.4% of the volatiles in the 24 hourflowers to 3.9% in the 12 hour flowers. In accordance with thisinvention, any one or more of the above-identified volatile constituentsmay be used in combination with cis-jasmone as an insect attractant.

The cis-jasmone of this invention is readily available from commercialsources, and is currently used in perfumes. Linalool,phenylacetaldehyde, and other Japanese honeysuckle flower volatilescontemplated by the invention are also available from commercialsources.

The attractants encompassed herein are effective in attracting andcontrolling a variety of agronomically important insects of theorder-Lepidoptera. While the pests of particular importance for controlinclude Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper), Pseudoplusia includens(soybean looper), Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm), and Manducaspecies, especially M. quinquemaculata (tomato hornworm), and M. sexta(tobacco hornworm), other insects are effectively attracted to theattractants as well. Without being limited thereto, the attractants ofthis invention may be used to attract and control Lepidoptera including:

Noctuidae: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper), Pseudoplusia includens(soybean looper), Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm), Caenurgina erechtea(forage looper), Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm), Heliothis virescens(tobacco budworm), Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), Spodopteraexigua (beet armyworm), Spodoptera ornithogalli (yellowstripedarmyworm), Anagrapha falcifera (celery looper), and Pseudaletiaunipuncta (armyworm), Anticarsia gemmatalis (velvetbean caterpillar)

Plutellidae: Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth),

Pyralidae: Achyra rantalis (garden webworm), Desmia funeralis (grapeleaffolder), Diaphania hyalinata (melonworm), and Diaphania nitidalis(pickleworm), and

Sphingidae: Manduca quinquemaculata (tomato hornworm), Manduca sexta(tobacco hornworm), Eumorpha achemon (achemon sphinx), Agrius cingulata(sweetpotato hornworm), and Hyles lineata (whitelined sphinx).

Furthermore, the attractant compositions of this invention are effectivefor attracting both sexes of adult Lepidoptera. In contrast to mostcommercially available baits or lures which attract only males, we haveunexpectedly discovered that the subject compositions attract females aswell as males. Since female moths are the reproductive sex capable oflaying eggs, the capture of females could serve as a major tool inreducing succeeding populations. Moreover, it is envisioned that thisability to attract females may significantly contribute to the effectiveattraction of the compositions toward conspecific males as a result oftheir sexual response toward trapped females.

Suitable formulations of the attractants include cis-jasmone in crude orimpure form, such as oil from the flowers of the Japanese honeysuckle,or in substantially pure form. However, as a practical matter, it isexpected that substantially pure cis-jasmone will be formulated with aninert carrier, and optionally with other Japanese honeysuckle flowervolatiles, particularly linalool and/or phenylacetaldehyde, for use asan insect attractant composition. The practitioner skilled in the artwill recognize that the cis-jasmone and these other volatiles may beformulated in a single or separate compositions. Inert carriers suitablefor use herein are well known in the art and include but are not limitedto alcohols, ethers, glycols, ketones, esters, and solid carriers suchas clays, cellulose, rubber, or synthetic polymers.

Optionally, the cis-jasmone composition may be further formulated withother insect attractants such as pheromones of the target insects orinsect extracts containing pheromones, or with conventional feedingstimulants such as saccharides. Lepidopteran pheromones suitable for useherein are generally well-known in the art. Overviews of the pheromonesfor many insects, including many Lepidoptera, have been described, andinclude, for example, Mayer and McLaughlin (Handbook of InsectPheromones and Sex Attractants, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1991)and Tamaki [Sex Pheromones, In Comprehensive Insect PhysiologyBiochemistry and Pharmacology, Vol. 9 Behavior, Kerkut and Gilbert(Ed.), Pergamon Press, New York, pp. 145-179].

The amount of cis-jasmone is selected to provide an effective attractionof the insects. The effective amount is defined herein as that quantityof attractant that attracts the target insects to the location of a baitat a rate significantly higher than the attraction to a nonbaitedlocation (i.e. negative control). Effective concentrations of thecis-jasmone in the composition may vary, although concentrations withrespect to other Japanese honeysuckle flower volatiles which are greaterthan or equal to about 10%, particularly greater than about 20%, provideoptimal insect attractancy and are preferred. Suitable amounts andconcentrations may be readily determined by a practitioner skilled inthe art, and will of course vary with the particular target insect, itspopulation density, the size of the area to be treated, environmentalconditions such as temperature, humidity and wind conditions, the typeof vehicle or carrier. When employed in combination with other volatilesor attractants, the ratio and absolute amounts of all active ingredientsmay also vary and are similarly selected to provide an effectiveattraction of the target insects to the composition.

The attractant compositions may be used in a number of ways, includingmonitoring or controlling insect populations. In one preferredembodiment, the compositions may be placed within in traps to monitorpopulation changes. Precise monitoring will enable growers to reduce thenumber of insecticide applications when populations are low. In otherpreferred embodiments, the attractants may be used to control pestpopulations by employing large numbers of traps (trap-out strategy), orby combination with an effective amount of an insect toxicant orpesticide to kill adult Lepidoptera (as an attracticidal bait). Use inthis manner should prove useful in suppressing target species beforethey can inflict damage to agronomically important crops. Suitabletoxicants for use herein may be readily selected by the practitionerskilled in the art and include but are not limited to organophosphate,carbamate, nitroguanidine, and synthetic pyrethroid insecticidess.

In the practice of any of the above-described embodiments, an attractantis used as a trap bait or is otherwise applied to the locus of or in thevicinity of infestation in an amount effective to attract the targetinsect. As above, an effective amount is defined as that quantity ofattractant that attracts the target insects to the location of a bait ata rate significantly higher than the attraction to a nonbaited location.Factors such as population density, precipitation, temperature, windvelocity, and release rate will influence the actual number of insectstrapped.

It is envisioned that the attractants may be used in conjunction withany type of appropriate trap or attractant disseminator as known in theart. The attractant can be applied or disseminated using a variety ofconventional techniques, such as in an exposed solution, impregnatedinto a wicking material or other substrate, or incorporated in adeodorant dispenser. Further, the components of the attractant may becombined in a single dispenser provided within a single trap, orprovided separately in a plurality of dispensers, all within a singletrap. The attractant can be applied to the device undiluted, orformulated in an inert carrier. Volatilization can be controlled orretarded by inclusion of an extender such as mineral oil. Mineral oilalone is relatively unattractive to the insects. Controlled, slowrelease over an extended period of time may also be effected byplacement within vials covered with a permeable septum or cap, byencapsulation using conventional techniques, or absorption into a poroussubstrate.

The following examples are intended only to further illustrate theinvention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention,which is defined by the claims.

EXAMPLE 1

Initial tests were conducted under field conditions to examine theattraction of adult Lepidoptera toward a mixture of cis-jasmone withlinalool and phenylacetaldehyde as compared with various othertreatments. Field bioassays were conducted in mixed plantings ofvegetable crops near Lane, Oklahoma.

The treatments tested included a 1:1:1 mixture of cis-jasmone, linalooland phenylacetaldehyde (PJL), compositions of all fresh or 12 hourJapanese honeysuckle flower volatiles, a 1:1:1:1 mixture of benzylalcohol, geraniol, linalool, and phenyl ethyl alcohol (BGLP), andnegative controls. Compounds were purchased from commercial sources.Baits representing the complete Japanese honeysuckle volatile mixturewere prepared based upon their ratio as identified by Scholtzhauer etal. (ibid), which is shown in Table 1. Individual baits were prepared bydispensing 125 μl of each-composition on a single dental wick saturatedwith 1 ml of light mineral oil to reduce volatilization. With theexception of the complete Japanese honeysuckle volatile mixture,mixtures of two or more compounds were applied in a 1:1 ratio totalling125 μl per bait. Controls consisted of dental rolls saturated withmineral oil only. The treatments were replicated four times.

Standard 75-50 cm wire-cone pheromone traps described by Hartstack(1981, Environmental Entomology, 10:908-914) were used in allexperiments. Single dental roll baits were attached with spring clips tothe trap crossbar just beneath the trap opening. Traps were monitoredand baits were replaced daily except on weekends. Insects captured intraps were removed and transferred to the laboratory where they wereidentified, sexed, and recorded.

The results are shown in Table 2. Baits containing constituents fromfresh and 12 hour Japanese honeysuckle flower and thecis-jasmone/linalool/phenylacetaldehyde mixture captured the greatestnumbers of cabbage looper, soybean looper, and total noctuid femalesthan the BGLP blend or the untreated control. Tomato and tobaccohornworm females were attracted more to 12 hour based baits and to theBGLP mixture.

EXAMPLE 2

Field bioassays were conducted to determine the attractancy of baitscontaining cis-jasmone (jas), linalool (lin), and phenylacetaldehyde(phen) individually and in all possible combinations. The various baitsassayed are shown in Table 3. The bioassays were conducted in the samemanner described in Example 1.

The results are shown in Table 3. The addition of jasmone tophenylacetaldehyde resulted in significantly greater captures of cabbagelooper and overall total numbers of noctuid females than the individualcompounds alone or of other combinations of the three materials. Anexception was the soybean looper in that the response to thephenylacetaldehyde bait was not statistically different from thejasmone/phenylacetaldehyde combination.

EXAMPLE 3

The field bioassays of Example 2 were repeated. The results are shown inTable 4. Baits containing combinations of cis-jasmone and linalool weremore attractive to cabbage looper, Manduca species, and total noctuidfemales than all other baits. However, mixtures of cis-jasmone and thetri-mixture of all three compounds were more attractive to soybeanloopers than other baits. No significant differences were noted in theresponse of corn earworm females to any of the baits, however, morefemales were captured in traps baited with cis-jasmone alone and incombination.

In the field bioassays of Examples 1, 2 and 3, a total of 21economically important Lepidopteran moth species representing 4 familieswere captured in traps baited with individual and blends of Japanesehoneysuckle volatiles. These species are shown in Table 5. Cabbagelooper, soybean looper, and various moths belonging to the familySphingidae were among the most prominent species collected. However, dueto the seasonality of most species and low population densities of somespecies, the numbers and diversity of species collected varied from testto test.

It is understood that the foregoing detailed description is given merelyby way of illustration and that modifications and variations may be madetherein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

TABLE 1 Volatile Compounds Identified in Lonicera Japonica Flowers Yield(μg/kilo.) GC PEAK Compound Fresh 12 Hr.  1 cis-3-Hexen-1-o1 70 tr^(a) 2 Phenylacetaldehyde 366 279  3 Linalool oxide (I)^(b) 120 tr  4Linalool oxide (II)^(b) 49 365  5 Methyl benzoate^(c) nd^(c) 39  6Linalool 6854 186  7 Methylphenylacetate 42 74  8 α-terpineol 81 nd  9Methylsalicylate nd 66 10 β-citronellol tr tr 11 trans-geraniol 107 4812 2,4-decadienal tr tr 13 Indole 52 tr 14 cis-3-Hexenyl tiglate 640 10815 cis-jasmone 602 80 16 β-bourbonene nd 62 17 β-caryophyllene 49 47 18Geranylacetone tr 172 19 Germacrene D 4806 3876 20 Germacrene B 186 14921 α-farnesene 2058 68 22 Hexenyl benzoate 72 561 23 Nerolidol 476 tr 24Methyl jasmonate 42 nd 25 Benzylbenzoate 46 602 26 Benzylsalicylate tr65 27 Methylpalmitate 242 442 TOTAL 16960 7289 ^(a)trace = <20 μg/kilo^(b)cis and trans isomers not distinguished ^(c)nd = not detected

TABLE 2 Response of pest Lepidoptera to traps baited with volatilesassociated with Japanese Honeysuckle flowers. Total captured/bait^(a)Species Sex 12 hr^(b) fresh^(b) bglp^(c) tri-mix^(d) check Cabbage M142bc 176b 84c 255a 7d looper F 218b 240b 78c 328a 9c Soybean M 454a399a 128b 378a 18b looper F 438a 305a 120b 361a 6b Manduca M 7b 7b 28a7b 1b spp. F 9ab 4bc 16a 5bc 0c Corn M 1b 4a 0b 0b 0b earworm F 1 4 2 21 Total F 658a 551a 200b 696a 16b Noctuidae Total F 15a 9ab 17a 9ab 0bSphingidae ^(a)Means in a row followed by the same letter are notsignificantly different (P≧0.05); Waller Duncan k-ratio test (SAS 1989).^(b)Fresh and 12-hr. baits were composed of all volatiles in theiractual percentages present in fresh and 12-hr.-old Japanese honeysuckleflowers. ^(c)Bait containing benzyl alcohol, geraniol, linalool, andphenyl ethyl alcohol in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. ^(d)Mixture of cis-jasmone,linalool, and phenylacetaldehyde in a 1:1:1 ratio.

TABLE 3 Response of pest Lepidoptera to traps baited with volatilesassociated with Japanese Honeysuckle flowers. Total captured/bait^(abc)Species Sex jas lin phen jas + lin phen + jas phen + lin tri-mix^(d)Cabbage M 110^(bc) 65^(c)  98^(bc) 138^(b) 241^(a)  65^(c)  93^(bc)looper F 115^(b) 51^(c)  73^(bc) 114^(b) 217^(a)  58^(c)  73^(bc)Soybean M  10^(cd)  3^(d)  98^(a)  52^(b) 134^(a)  24^(bcd)  47^(bc)looper F  4^(c)  3^(c)  56^(a)  25^(bc)  73^(a)  17^(bc)  28^(b) Corn M 1  1  1  0  3  1  0 earworm F  1  0  2  0  1  0  0 Total F 121^(bc)55^(d) 144^(b) 142^(b) 300^(a)  78^(cd) 107^(bcd) Noctuidae ^(a)Means ina row followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P >0.05); Waller Duncan k-ratio test (SAS, 1989). ^(b)Key to compounds: jas= jasmonate, lin = linalool, phen = phenylacetaldehyde. ^(c)Baitscontaining a single chemical were dispensed at 125 μl/bait; baitscontaining two or more were dispensed in a 1:1 ratio totaling 125 μl.^(d)Bait containing cis-jasmone, linalool, and phenylacetaldehyde in a1:1:1 ratio.

TABLE 4 Response of pest Lepidoptera to traps baited with volatilesassociated with Japanese Honeysuckle flowers. Total captured/bait^(abc)Species Sex jas lin phen jas + lin phen + jas phen + lin tri-mix^(d)Cabbage M 383^(bc) 305^(cd) 184^(de) 610^(a) 382^(bc) 327^(c) 506^(ab)looper F 341^(b) 281^(bc) 164^(c) 568^(a) 297^(bc) 272^(bc) 383^(b)Soybean M  52^(cd)  44^(cd) 103^(bc)  93^(b)  98^(ab)  77^(bc) 130^(a)looper F  41^(cd)  17^(d)  81^(cd)  55^(cd) 102^(a)  69^(bc)  88^(ab)Manduca M  13^(a)  17^(a)  0^(b)  29^(a)  15^(a)  14^(a)  21^(a) spp. F 10^(bc)  6^(cd)  1^(d)  19^(a)  9^(bc)  5^(cd)  16^(ab) Corn M  0  2  1 1  0  0  0 earworm F  5  4  1  2  3  0  4 Total F 390^(bcd) 307^(cde)240^(de) 634^(a) 412^(bc) 355^(bcd) 497^(ab) Noctuidae ^(a)Means in arow followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P >0.05); Waller Duncan k-ratio test (SAS, 1989). ^(b)Key to compounds: jas= jasmonate, lin = linalool, phen = phenylacetaldehyde. ^(c)Baitscontaining a single chemical were dispensed at 125 μl/bait; baitscontaining two or more were dispensed in a 1:1 ratio totaling 125 μl.^(d)Bait containing cis-jasmone, linalool, and phenylacetaldehyde in a1:1:1 ratio.

TABLE 5 Economically important Lepidoptra attracted to JapaneseHoneysuckle volatiles. Species Common Name NOCTUIDAE Agrotis ipsilonBlack Cutworm Anagrapha falcifera Celery Looper Anticarsia gemmatalisVelvetbean Caterpillar Caenurgina erechtea Forage Looper Helicoverpa zeaCorn Earworm Heliothis virescens Tobacco Budworm Spodoptera frugiperdaFall Armyworm Spodoptera exigua Beet Armyworm Spodoptera ornithogalliYellowstriped Armyworm Trichoplusia ni Cabbage Looper Pseudoplusiaincludens Soybean Looper Pseudaletia unipuncta Armyworm PLUTELLIDAEPlutella xylostella Diamondback Moth PYRALIDAE Achyra rantalis GardenWebworm Desmia funeralis Grape Leaffolder Diaphania hyalinata MelonwormDiaphania nitidalis Pickleworm SPHINGIDAE Eumorpha achemon AchemonSphinx Agrius cingulata Sweetpotato Hornworm Hyles lineata WhitelinedSphinx Manduca quinquemaculata Tomato Hornworm Manduca sexta TobaccoHornworm

We claim:
 1. A composition for attracting and killing Lepidopteraninsects comprising an effective Lepidopteran insect attracting amount ofcis-jasmone, alone or in combination with one or more other volatiles ofthe Japanese honeysuckle flower, and further in combination with aLepidopteran insect toxicant, wherein the concentration of saidcis-lasmone is treater than or equal to about 10% by weight relative tosaid other Japanese honeysuckle flower volatiles.
 2. A composition asdescribed in claim 1 further comprising one or both of linalool andphenylacetaldehyde.
 3. A composition as described in claim 2 comprisingboth linalool and phenylacetaldehyde.
 4. A composition as described inclaim 1 wherein said insect toxicant is selected from the groupconsisting of organophosphorus insecticides, carbamate insecticides,nitroguanidine insecticides, pyrethroid insecticides, and mixturesthereof.
 5. A method for attracting and killing Lepidopteran insects,comprising providing an effective Lepidopteran insect attracting amountof cis-jasmone, alone or in combination with one or more other volatilesof the Japanese honeysuckle flower, to the locus of said insects furtherin combination with a Lepidopteran insect toxicant, wherein theconcentration of said cis-lasmone is greater than or equal to about 10%by weight relative to said other Japanese honeysuckle flower volatiles.6. A method as described in claim 5 wherein said insect toxicant isselected from the group consisting of organophosphorus insecticides,carbamate insecticides, nitroguanidine insectides, pyrethroidinsecticides, and mixtures thereof.
 7. A composition for attractingLepidopteran insects comprising an effective Lepidopteran insectattracting amount of cis-jasmone, alone or in combination with one ormore other volatiles of the Japanese honeysuckle flower, and further incombination with a Lepidopteran insect pheromone, wherein theconcentration of said cis-jasmone is greater than or equal to about 10%by weight relative to said other Japanese honeysuckle flower volatiles.8. A composition as described in claim 7 further comprising one or bothof linalool and phenylacetaldehyde.
 9. A composition as described inclaim 8 further comprising both linalool and phenylacetaldehyde.
 10. Acomposition as described in claim 7 wherein said cis-jasmone and saidinsect pheromone are present in an amount effective as a Lepidopteraninsect attractant.
 11. A composition as described in claim 7 wherein theconcentration of said cis-jasmone is greater than or equal to about 20%by weight relative to said other Japanese honeysuckle flower volatiles.12. A composition for attracting Lepidopteran insects comprising aneffective Lepidopteran insect attracting amount of one or more volatilesof the Japanese honeysuckle flower, one of said volatiles comprisingcis-jasmone, and a feeding stimulant, wherein the concentration of saidcisjasmone is greater than or equal to about 10% by weight relative tosaid other Japanese honeysuckle flower volatiles.
 13. A composition asdescribed in claim 12 wherein said feeding stimulant comprises asaccharide.
 14. A composition as described in claim 12 furthercomprising one or both of linalool and phenylacetaidehyde.
 15. Acomposition as described in claim 14 comprising both linalool andphenylacetaldehyde.
 16. A composition as described in claim 12 whereinsaid cis-jasmone and said feeding stimulant are present in an amounteffective as a Lepidopteran insect attractant.
 17. A composition asdescribed in claim 12 wherein the concentration of said cis-jasmone isgreater than or equal to about 20% by weight relative to said otherJapanese honeysuckle flower volatiles.
 18. A method for attractingLepidopteran insects, comprising providing an effective Lepidopteraninsect attracting amount of cis-jasmone, alone or in combination withone or more other volatiles of the Japanese honeysuckle flower, to thelocus of said insects further in combination with a Lepidopteran insectpheromone, wherein the concentration of said cis-jasmone is greater thanor equal to about 10% by weight relative to said other Japanesehoneysuckle flower volatiles.
 19. A method as described in claim 18wherein the concentration of said cis-jasmone is greater than or equalto about 20% by weight relative to said other Japanese honeysuckleflower volatiles.
 20. A method for attracting Lepidopteran insects,comprising providing an effective Lepidopteran insect attracting amountof cis-jasmone, alone or in combination with one or more other volatilesof the Japanese honeysuckle flower, to the locus of said insects furtherin combination with a feeding stimulant, wherein the concentration ofsaid cis-jasmone is greater than or equal to about 10% by weightrelative to said other Japanese honeysuckle flower volatiles.
 21. Amethod as described in claim 20 wherein said feeding stimulant comprisesa saccharide.
 22. A method as described in claim 20 wherein theconcentration of said cis-jasmone is greater than or equal to about 20%by weight relative to said other Japanese honeysuckle flower volatiles.